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HTML was originally designed as a 'markup' language to represent the logical structure of documents in terms of headings, lists, etc. Since some elements of HTML were commonly rendered with similar layouts, e.g. indenting of BLOCKQUOTE, these were pressed into use for layout solutions by web page designers. However the official HTML specifications do not demand these specific renderings, and although the most popular browsers might indeed implement the layout with indenting, this is not guaranteed to be true of all browsers.

Some browser manufacturers tried to solve the problem with proprietary tags but this doesn't improve the situation for web page designers who want their pages to be browser-independent. The first step to insuring browser independence is to validate your pages against a publically available HTML DTD such as those available at the W3C Validation Service. The second is to avoid reliance on structural HTML tags that happen to have specific layouts. The general situation is improving markedly with the advent of both HTML 4.0, and cascading style sheets.

HTML wasn't designed with desktop publishing requirements in mind, and so anything to get precise layout in standard HTML is going to be a kludge, and until HTML 4 is widely deployed you'll either have to kludge it or insist that your audience uses a browser that implements much of HTML 4 such as the latest release of Microsoft Internet Explorer. Style sheets, would probably be best if your audience uses the latest NS or MS or other style sheets browser. See for example, padding, borders, and margins.

I'll illustrate a few techniques here. You will probably want to experiment with them individually and with combinations of them.

1. Hacks
2. Tables
   • Menu Margins
3. Style Sheets

Page Layout: Hacks