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Introduction to XHTML, with eXamples

February 2, 2000

This page in XHTML 1.0 XHTML 1.0 is the first step toward a modular and extensible web based on XML (Extensible Markup Language). It provides the bridge for web designers to enter the web of the future, while still being able to maintain compatibility with today's HTML 4 browsers. It is the reformulation of HTML 4 as an application of XML. It looks very much like HTML 4, with a few notable exceptions, so if you're familiar with HTML 4, XHTML will be easy to learn and use. XHTML 1.0 was released on January 26th as a Recommendation by the W3C.

True XHTML version at EncycloZine.

How is XHTML better than HTML?

Extensibility: Under HTML, an SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) application, the addition of a new group of elements requires alteration of the entire DTD (language specification). XML is a simplified subset of SGML. This greatly eases the development and integration of new collections of elements.

Portability: By the year 2002 as much as 75% of Internet access could be carried out on non-PC platforms such as palm computers, televisions, fridges, automobiles, telephones, etc. In most cases these devices will not have the computing power of a desktop computer, and will not be designed to accommodate ill-formed HTML as do current browsers (bloated with code to handle sloppy or proprietary HTML).

Learn About XHTML

Quick Example

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
	"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
	"DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"	>
<html	xmlns	= "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
	<title>Quick Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>	Quick Example
</h1>
<a	href	= "http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">
<img	src	= "http://validator.w3.org/images/vxhtml10"
	height	= "31"
	width	= "88"
	border	= "0"
	hspace	= "16"
	align	= "left"
	alt	= "Valid XHTML 1.0!"
	/></a>
<p>	Note that the layout (with tabs and alignment) is
	purely for readability - XHTML doesn't require it.
</p>
</body>
</html>

Copy this example (qex.html) to your web server and use it as a template. Normally you should not link to images on other people's servers, but the W3C allows their validation icons to be used in this way.

Why did they create XHTML, and why would you need it?

An overview of the background and limitations of HTML, and a preview of the advantages to XML.

Extensible Markup Language

An overview of the background and advantages to XML.

Document Type Definitions

An explanation of the rôle of DTDs, and three XML document types that correspond to the three HTML 4.0 DTDs: Strict, Transitional, and Frameset.

The main differences between XHTML and HTML 4

If you want to get into XHTML right away, start here. If you already know HTML 4, you're well on the way...

Examples to illustrate differences from common HTML practices

Just lots of examples!


World Wide Web Consortium Issues XHTML 1.0 as a Recommendation

Learn more about XHTML
Write your own XHTML

Introduction to XHTML, with eXamples
Introduction to XHTML: Why do we need XHTML?


Up to => Home / Authoring / Languages / XML




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